SM3自主記錄儀在長(zhǎng)臂猿監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用
Abstract
Population monitoring is very important in wildlife management and conservation. All 18 species of gibbons are considered threatened with extinction and listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Thus, understanding and effectively monitoring their population trends and distribution are critical. Thus far, all gibbon surveying and monitoring programs have been conducted by human surveyors; this is expensive, laborious, and dependent on the surveyors’skills. In particular, estimating group density often requires a large sample size with several skilled observers working simultaneously in the field. We used autonomous recorders to record the calls of southern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus gabbrielae) for at least 3 days at each of 57 posts in Nam Cat Tien sector, Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam from July to October, 2016. We extracted gibbon calls from the recordings auditorily or visually using spectrograms in RAVEN software. We detected gibbon calls at 40 recording posts during the survey. The proportion of recorders with gibbon calls in the eastern region of Nam Cat Tien sector (mean = 0.79; SE = 0.13) was higher than that in the western region (mean = 0.46; SE = 0.11). The estimated probability of occurrence in the eastern region (ψ = 0.56; SE = 0.20) was higher than that in the western region (ψ = 0.23; SE = 0.16). Passive acoustic data were useful to investigate spatial variation in the probability of occurrence of gibbon. We recommend using autonomous recorders combined with occupancy model to complement human surveyors in gibbon monitoring in areas with low gibbon density because it is efficient, low cost, and not subject to errors caused by human surveyors. In the areas of high gibbon density, absolute density estimate achieved by human surveyors might be a more suitable indicator.
摘要：
種群監(jiān)測(cè)在野生動(dòng)物管理和保護(hù)中非常重要。所有18種長(zhǎng)臂猿都被認(rèn)為瀕臨滅絕，并被列入國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟瀕危物種紅色名錄。因此，了解和有效監(jiān)測(cè)其人口趨勢(shì)和分布至關(guān)重要。到目前為止，所有長(zhǎng)臂猿的測(cè)量和監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目都是由人類測(cè)量員進(jìn)行的；這既昂貴又費(fèi)力，而且取決于測(cè)量員的技能。特別是，估計(jì)群體密度通常需要幾個(gè)熟練的觀察者在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)同時(shí)工作的大樣本量。2016年7月至10月，我們使用自主記錄儀在越南Cat Tien國(guó)家公園Nam Cat Tien區(qū)的57個(gè)哨所分別記錄了南黃頰冠長(zhǎng)臂猿（Nomascus gabbrielae）至少3天的叫聲。我們使用RAVEN軟件中的頻譜圖從錄音中聽覺或視覺提取長(zhǎng)臂猿叫聲。在調(diào)查期間，我們?cè)?/span>40個(gè)錄音站發(fā)現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)臂猿的叫聲。Nam Cat Tien區(qū)東部地區(qū)長(zhǎng)臂猿叫聲記錄者的比例（平均=0.79；SE=0.13）高于西部地區(qū)（平均=0.46；SE=0.11）。東部地區(qū)的估計(jì)發(fā)生概率（ψ=0.56；SE=0.20）高于西部地區(qū)（ψ=0.23；SE=0.16）。被動(dòng)聲學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)有助于研究長(zhǎng)臂猿發(fā)生概率的空間變化。我們建議在長(zhǎng)臂猿密度較低的地區(qū)使用自主記錄儀結(jié)合占用模型來(lái)補(bǔ)充人工測(cè)量員對(duì)長(zhǎng)臂猿的監(jiān)測(cè)，因?yàn)樗咝А⒊杀镜停皇苋斯y(cè)量員造成的誤差的影響。在長(zhǎng)臂猿密度較高的地區(qū)，人類測(cè)量員獲得的絕對(duì)密度估計(jì)可能是一個(gè)更合適的指標(biāo)。
關(guān)鍵詞：生物聲學(xué)，SM3聲學(xué)記錄儀，野生動(dòng)物監(jiān)測(cè)，黑冠長(zhǎng)臂猿，Nomascus，占據(jù)模式，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物。
